Retrofitting is the method of treatment of a structure to increase its usable life. The retrofitting may include a number of procedures depending upon the structure, degree of damage, purpose of retrofit, etc. Before moving ahead let us understand why structures fail.
Structures are sometimes subjected to loads for which they were originally not designed. These loads may occur due to earthquakes (seismic load), changes in loading patterns, etc. Hence, the structure experiences extraordinary stress and fails under it.